Introduction:
As an emerging economic powerhouse, India grapples with the dual challenge of pursuing robust development and eradicating poverty while addressing the critical issue of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Despite these challenges, India’s commitment to environmental responsibility remains steadfast. This blog explores India’s journey, from historical emissions to ambitious targets, and highlights the multifaceted actions the country is taking to combat climate change.
Historical Perspective:
India’s historical cumulative emissions, spanning from 1850 to 2019, account for less than 4% of the global carbon dioxide emissions during the pre-industrial era. This is a remarkable statistic considering that India is home to 17% of the world’s population. Presently, India’s per capita emissions are just one-third of the global average, underscoring its minimal contribution to historical global warming.
Ambitious Targets at COP 26:
In a significant move, India, at the 26th session of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 26) in November 2021, announced a bold target—achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. This commitment aligns with principles of equity, climate justice, and the Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities enshrined in the Paris Agreement.
Seven Key Transitions for Sustainable Development:
India’s long-term low-carbon development strategy revolves around seven key transitions. These include low-carbon electricity systems, an integrated and inclusive transport network, urban adaptation, emission decoupling, innovative industrial systems, carbon removal solutions, and the enhancement of forest cover. Each transition is meticulously detailed, considering international and national contexts, current policies, potential benefits, and challenges.
Concrete Actions to Combat Climate Change:
India has implemented a myriad of actions to address environmental challenges. Notably, the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), launched in 2019, aims to improve air quality in 131 cities. Monitoring initiatives such as PRANA and Swach Vayu Survekshan (SVS) evaluate the implementation of NCAP and recognize top-performing cities.
Beyond air quality, the government has taken decisive steps to curb pollution. Initiatives like river conservation under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, the addition of wetlands to Ramsar Sites, and the ban on single-use plastics from July 1, 2022, demonstrate India’s commitment to comprehensive environmental stewardship.
Afforestation and Circular Economy Initiatives:
In line with the National Forest Policy, afforestation schemes are actively promoted, supported by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). The Trees Outside Forests in India (TOFI) program, implemented in seven states, aims to expand tree planting beyond forests, emphasizing carbon sequestration and inclusive economic opportunities for rural populations.
The Circular Economy initiative, with specific rules for waste categories like plastic, waste tires, batteries, and e-waste, showcases India’s commitment to sustainable resource management.
Conclusion:
India’s journey towards environmental sustainability is a testament to its commitment to global well-being. From ambitious net-zero targets to concrete actions combating pollution and promoting afforestation, India is carving a path towards a greener and more sustainable future. As the nation continues to navigate the delicate balance between development and environmental preservation, the world watches with anticipation, hoping for a model that others may follow.
